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''Katyusha'' multiple rocket launchers () are a type of rocket artillery first built and fielded by the Soviet Union in World War II. Multiple rocket launchers such as these deliver explosives to a target area more quickly than conventional artillery, but with lower accuracy and requiring a longer time to reload. They are fragile compared to artillery guns, but are inexpensive and easy to produce. ''Katyusha''s of World War II, the first self-propelled artillery mass-produced by the Soviet Union,〔Zaloga, p 150.〕 were usually mounted on trucks. This mobility gave the ''Katyusha'' (and other self-propelled artillery) another advantage: being able to deliver a large blow all at once, and then move before being located and attacked with counter-battery fire. ''Katyusha'' weapons of World War II included the BM-13 launcher, light BM-8, and heavy BM-31. Today, the nickname is also applied to newer truck-mounted Soviet (and not only Soviet) multiple rocket launchers—notably the common BM-21—and derivatives. == Nickname == Initially, concerns for secrecy kept their military designation from being known by the soldiers who operated them. They were called by code names such as ''Kostikov guns'' (after the head of the RNII, the Reaction-Engine Scientific Research Institute), and finally classed as ''Guards Mortars''.〔 The name ''BM-13'' was only allowed into secret documents in 1942, and remained classified until after the war.〔Viktor Suvorov (1982), ''Inside the Soviet Army'', (p 207 ). Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-02-615500-1.〕 Because they were marked with the letter ''K'' (for Voronezh Komintern Factory),〔 Red Army troops adopted a nickname from Mikhail Isakovsky's popular wartime song, ''"Katyusha"'', about a girl longing for her absent beloved, who has gone away on military service.〔Zaloga, p 153.〕 ''Katyusha'' is the Russian equivalent of ''Katie'', an endearing diminutive form of the name Katherine: ''Yekaterina →Katya →Katyusha''. German troops coined the nickname ''Stalin's organ'' ((ドイツ語:Stalinorgel)), after Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, prompted by the visual resemblance of the launch array to a church organ and the sound of the weapon's rocket motors. Weapons of this type are known by the same name in Denmark ((デンマーク語:Stalinorgel)), Finland (), France ((フランス語:orgue de Staline)), Norway ((ノルウェー語:Stalinorgel)), the Netherlands and Belgium ((オランダ語:Stalinorgel)), Hungary ((ハンガリー語:Sztálinorgona)), and in Sweden (), .〔 The heavy BM-31 launcher was also referred to as ''Andryusha'' (''Андрюша'', an affectionate diminutive of "Andrew").〔Gordon L. Rottman (2007), ''FUBAR (F * * *ed Up Beyond All Recognition): Soldier Slang of World War II'', (p 279 ), Osprey, ISBN 1-84603-175-3.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Katyusha rocket launcher」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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